Businesses that employ youth need to be aware of federal and state laws regarding child labor, whether they are agricultural or non-farm employers. The intention of the federal law is to protect children from work in hazardous conditions or work to such an extent that they cannot take advantage of the educational opportunities offered by school attendance. The working hours of 14- and 15-year-old workers are generally limited due to age and compulsory education; However, 17-year-old employees have no restrictions on hours of work under federal law. Q: Who is responsible for ensuring that one of the parents completes parental recognition of the minor`s duties and periods of employment? A: For persons under the age of 16, a written statement from the minor`s parents or guardians is required, acknowledging understanding of the tasks and periods of employment and granting permission to work. It is the responsibility of the minor`s employer to ensure that this document is signed by the minor`s parent or guardian. The employer keeps the original and provides a copy to the parent or guardian. The Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry offers such recognition. It can be found on their website at: LLC-75, Parental Recognition of Minors` Duties and Hours of Employment. Young people between the ages of 16 and 17 who are emancipated by court order have no restrictions on working time. You do not need a parent/school permit form. Employers must always obtain a minor work permit and emancipated minors are not allowed to engage in a prohibited occupation.
(RCW 13.64.060 (g)). Employers should ask for documents as proof of emancipation – usually a court order, driver`s license, or government-issued ID that indicates emancipated status. 29 CFR §570.35a – Work Experience and Career Exploration Programs (Extended Hours of Work Allowed) The hours minors may work depend on the minor`s age, type of work, and school attendance. New York State has one of the strictest child labor laws in the country. The law limits the number of hours that minors under the age of 18 can work when the school is in session. To work between 10 p.m. and midnight on the eve of a school day, 16- and 17-year-olds need written permission from a parent or guardian and a certificate of satisfactory academic performance from their school. During school weeks, minors aged 14 and 15 are limited in most occupations to the following hours: 8 consecutive hours of non-working extracurricular time required each 24-hour day. Q: I am a minor and I live in Pennsylvania; However, I will be working in another part of Pennsylvania.
Where can I get a work permit? A: The school district where the student resides issues the work permit for ALL occupations in Pennsylvania. 10-54-6 (only for 16-year-olds; no maximum hours for 17-year-olds) Q: What factors play a role in determining how many hours a minor can work? A: There are several factors to consider when determining how many hours a minor can work on a given day. “Periods of employment” are defined as hours outside of school hours as determined by the school district concerned. The “regular school week” is defined as the five days that begin from Monday to Friday when the school is in session. “School holidays” are defined as the period during which a minor is not required to be in school, as determined by the school district in which he or she resides. The term does not include Saturdays and Sundays, unless one or more vacation days go or follow on Saturday or Sunday. A minor enrolled in the summer school is subject to the age restriction during a normal school week, not during the school holidays. The Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry provides a “Summary of Child Labor Regulations” on its website. Q: What is the procedure for obtaining a work permit? A: You can apply for a work permit from your local school district.
The parent or guardian must sign the application. If the parent or guardian is unable to sign the application, the minor applicant may make a statement before a notary confirming the accuracy of the facts on the application. The declaration must be attached to the application. A document confirming the student`s age must also be presented to the issuing agent. The issuing officer will not issue a work permit until it has received, reviewed, approved and submitted the following documents confirming the applicant`s age: Review information on when minors are legally permitted to work, including age and time policies and restrictions. Pupils who have been excluded are not considered to be “enrolled in an ordinary day school” (wording of the Child Labour Act), so they are allowed to work during school hours. However, they must not exceed the maximum number of daily and weekly hours allowed for their age. Q: Does a student need a work permit to work on a farm? A: No. The Child Labour Act states: “This law does not apply to children who are employed on the farm or in domestic services in private households. With the exception of seasonal agricultural work, the Child Labour Act does not apply to agricultural work and agricultural work in kindergartens (employment outside the retail trade). Students who work as seasonal workers in agriculture are subject to the Child Labour Act and must obtain a work permit. Minors aged 16 and 17 enrolled in school may not work more than nine hours a day, 40 hours a school week, 48 hours a week extracurricular and six days a week.
Q: What are the steps to complete a work permit application? A: First, an applicant`s parents or guardians must sign the application. Instead of a signature, the applicant may make a statement before a notary confirming the accuracy of the facts set out in the application. The declaration must appear on a form required by the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry. The statement is then added to the application. No parental signature is required if the applicant can provide official proof of high school graduation. Then, the issuing agent ensures that all legally required documents have been reviewed, approved and submitted, and that all conditions and requirements for licensing are met. The work permit must be signed by the minor in the presence of the issuing official. The work permit shall bear a number, the date of issue and the signature of the issuing official.
The allowed working hours for 14- and 15-year-olds are as follows: You can work up to 8 hours per extracurricular day and a total of 40 hours during an extracurricular week. 1) Special deviation. Parents and school authorities may grant a derogation that extends the working hours of young people in public and private schools. The special variance allows young people aged 16 to 17 to work six hours a day, up to 28 hours a week. Employers can complete a special waiver, which can be found on the parent or school approval form. 2) Minor deviation from work. An employer can also request a deviation directly from L&I. This minor work gap applies to young people aged 16 to 17 who are homeschooled, who are not enrolled in school or who have to work more hours than is allowed under a specific gap. Q: Since an issuing official is also considered a law enforcement officer under the Child Labor Act, what are their responsibilities? A: If a law enforcement officer has reason to believe that a person working without a permit is a minor or that a minor with a work permit is violating the age restrictions of the Pennsylvania Child Labor Act, the officer may require the person employing the person to provide proof of age to the officer within ten days (1); or (2) cease employment or allow the person to work.
In all cases, the issuing agent must notify a representative of the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry of the alleged violation. Q: Does a parent or guardian have to appear in person before an issuing agent? A: No, Pennsylvania`s Child Labor Act states that the parent or guardian is not required to appear in person before the issuing agent. What hours can young people work? Specific information on the hours of work allowed for underage workers.