I`m not at all a fan of the tedious blue book-style information and bureaucratic rules that law students have come up with. I like your idea of using only the name of the act, unless a more specific quote is really helpful in the given circumstances. It is important to be easy to read, at least from the point of view of the wording of the act. For what this is worth, Rule 3.3(b) of the Blue Book states: “If quoting more than one section, use two section symbols (§§). Provide inclusive figures; Do not use `et seq.` In Amharic, the characters ፠ (not to be confused with ※ or ⋇) and ፨ (not to be confused with ∷) can mark a section/paragraph. The pilcrow, ¶, is a typographic character that marks the beginning of a paragraph. It is also known by the brand name paragraph (or sign or symbol), initialled or blind P. [3] I`m in favor of spitting (as they used to say), but it doesn`t seem promising to invent a new quote convention in a context that doesn`t require a convention at all. In Chinese, the traditional paragraph character (rendered by 〇) is a thin circle the size of a Chinese character. In Unicode, this is the ideographic number U+3007 〇 ZERO.
As a paragraph character, this sign appears only in older books, which are often found in the Chinese Union version of the Bible. Its current use is usually as a “zero” character. However, it can also be found in some editions of the King James Bible and the Book of Mormon. [ref. The pilcrow remains used in modern times in the following ways: The pilcrow is used in desktop publishing software such as desktop word processors and layout programs to mark the end of a paragraph. It is also used as an icon on a toolbar button that shows or hides the pilcrow and similar annotations on the screen that highlight hidden characters, including tabs, spaces, and page breaks. In writing programs, it marks a carriage return that you need to enter. Ff. (and sek) abbr [Latin et sequens “and what follows”, and sequentes (masc.) “and what follows” or and sequentia (neutral) “and what follows”] (18c) And those (pages or sections) that follow . “and the following paragraphs/subsections/sections/parts/chapters/whatever.” Or refer specifically to the appropriate section area: “Sections 78 to 98” (with an “included” if you are paranoid).
But any other formulation is likely to be considerably longer. “Et seq.” is short and sweet, like “etc.” and “i.e.” and “e.g.” and “et al.” The pilcrow can be used at the beginning of individual paragraphs or to designate a new paragraph in a long copy, as Eric Gill did in his 1931 book An Essay on Typography. [4] Pilcrow was a type of categorization used in the Middle Ages to mark a new school of thought before the convention of visually discrete paragraphs became common. [5] I wanted to hear from someone who, unlike me, knows something about laws, so I contacted Tobias A. Dorsey, author of Legislative Drafter`s Deskbook: A Practical Guide. Here`s what he had to say: The word “pilcrow” comes from ancient Greek: παράγραφος (parágraphos), literally “written on the side or in the margin”. This was rendered as a paragraph in Old French and later changed to pelagraph. The first mention of modern “pilcrow” dates back to 1440 with the Middle English word pylcrafte. [6] The first way to divide sentences into groups in ancient Greek was the original παράγραφος (parágraphos), which was a horizontal line in the margin to the left of the main text. [7] As paragraphos became more popular, the horizontal line eventually changed to the Greek letters gamma (Γ, γ) and later to litterae notabiliores, which were enlarged letters at the beginning of a paragraph. [8] What`s wrong with less information? Do you think the employee will be guided by a statutory item number? And if you think section numbers are important, go all for it. All you need is the end section number.
I thank Toby for being involved. As far as I am concerned, it is clear that not only ff. belong to scrap metal, but you should also not quote law numbers, unless you have a good reason for it. In the past, the Pilcrow symbol was included in the standard 437 hardware code page of IBM PCs (and all other 8-bit OEM code pages based on it) at code point 20 (0x14) and shared its position with the ASCII DC4 control code. I have three problems with and following. First of all, it has this moldy Latin thing. Second, the statement “and the things that follow” seems unnecessarily vague. And thirdly, it obstructs the work.
So I called for help on Twitter and received the following response from @PaoloPasicolan: Resigning, “and following” is a trade-off between less information (only “Family and Sick Leave Act”) and more information (the title plus the full range of articles of the law). The idea is “The Family and Medical Leave Act, which begins at 29 U.S.C. § 2601.” Title plus starting section: useful references at once. I don`t like “ff.”, but it responds at least in part to the three objections: (1) It`s not Latin; (2) It applies when no final section number can be given “significantly” (in other words, if the imprecision – or actual incompleteness – does not matter); (3) It`s 4/7 less clutter. The Pilcrow character was in 1984 in ASCII`s Multinational Character Set extension to 0xB6 (decimal 182), from where it was adopted by ISO/IEC 8859-1 (1987) and by Unicode as U+00B6 ¶ PILCROW SIGN. In addition, Unicode also defines U+204B ⁋ INVERTED PILCROW SIGN, U+2761 ❡ CURVED ROD PARAGRAPH SIGN ORNAMENT and U+2E3F ⸿ CAPITULUM. The Capitulum character is deprecated and replaced by Pilcrow, but is included in Unicode for backward compatibility and historical studies. , I use specific sections, subtitles or titles. For example, Title IV of ERISA. (Editors often left room in front of paragraphs so that rubricists could add a hand-drawn pilcrow in contrasting ink. With the introduction of book printing from the late Middle Ages, there was still room before paragraphs for rubricators who could fill them by hand. However, under certain circumstances, headings could not draw fast enough for publishers` deadlines, and books were often sold, leaving the beginnings of paragraphs blank.
In this way, the practice of indentation before paragraphs was created. [11]) Recently, the symbol has been given a wider variety of roles, as shown below. Ken Adams is the main authority when it comes to clearly stating what you want to say in a contract. He is the author of A Manual of Style for Contract Drafting and offers online and face-to-face training worldwide. He is also Chief Content Officer of LegalSifter, Inc., a company that combines artificial intelligence and expertise to help verify contracts. I`m on this one with Paolo. Citing sections is fine in a briefing, but not in a contract. Just use the legal title if it has one (and almost every law that would be included in a contract has one). If you mean one or more specific sections, quote them on the law or chapter (I have to do the latter more for state laws than for federal laws). Aside from the inconvenience of determining what is the last section of a statute to cite its sections inclusively, there is a risk that if you quote them at the time of the contract for the law, they could change later, creating confusion as to the question of “how changed”; Better not to go.
In Sanskrit and other Indian languages, blocks of text were written in stanzas. Two vertical bars || were the functional equivalent of a pilcrow. [citation needed] By the 1100s, ⟨C⟩ ⟨K⟩ had completely replaced it as a symbol of a new chapter. [2] The rubricators eventually added one or two vertical bars to the C to stylize it (like ⸿); The “bowl” of the symbol was filled with dark ink and ultimately resembled the modern Pilcrow, ¶. [2] — Paolo Pasicolan (@PaoloPasicolan) 17. March 2017 Depending on the font used, the appearance of this character varies: If the chosen font does not contain this glyph, most operating systems have a font substitution algorithm so that it is replaced with the corresponding glyph of a similar font. [a] If the task was to find a more concise way to express “what begins with,” perhaps a good solution would emerge.