The Person-Environment-Occupation ModelLaw et al, 1996 Division of Occupational TherapyUniversity of Cape Town MatumoRamafikeng The model was established by Law et al (1996) in response to an identified need for occupational therapy literature describing the theory and clinical application of person-environment-profession interaction. The model is a framework that guides clinical thinking in analyzing and understanding interdependent interaction and can therefore provide a basis for application in practice. However, the model does not prescribe a series of assessments or provide intervention guidelines and therefore allows for the use of other occupational therapy assessment tools and interventions. Person-environment – The professional model of professional performance takes a transactional rather than interactive approach to the person-environment relationship. The transactional approach emphasizes the interdependence between the environment and the person. Occupational therapy focuses on the complex dynamic relationships between people, professions, and environments. Therapists need to clearly communicate their practices and how their practice affects outcomes. This article examines the applications of the person-environment-profession model (Law et al., 1996) in occupational therapy practice and describes how this particular model helps therapists design, plan, communicate and evaluate occupational performance interventions. Three case studies illustrate how the model can be used by occupational therapists to systematically address the analysis of occupational performance issues while taking into account the complexity of human functions and experiences. He explains how the model facilitates communication inside and outside occupational therapy.
The person-environment-profession model is offered as a tool for therapists that can be used in client-therapist alliances to enable clients to successfully pursue meaningful professions in selected environments. Das Person-Umwelt-Beruf-Modellgesetz et al., 1996. Department of Occupational Therapy University of Cape Town ` Matumo Ramafikeng. Introduction. Developed in response to a lack of occupational therapy literature describing the theoretical and clinical application of human-environment-profession interaction. These are self-directed and meaningful tasks and activities performed over the course of a lifetime (Law et al., 1996: 16). The model identifies areas of activity such as self-sufficiency, productivity and leisure. Professions are practiced to satisfy an intrinsic need for self-preservation, expression and satisfaction of life, and they are exercised in a variety of contexts in the performance of roles appropriate to development. The temporal aspects that make up the person`s work routines over time are important to consider. Law, M., Cooper, B,. Strong, S., Stewart, D., Rigby, P. and Letts, L.
1996. The person-environment-profession model: a transactive approach to professional performance. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 63(1):9-23. Fidler`s lifestyle performance model focuses on knowing and understanding a person`s entire repertoire of activities in the context relevant to their life. This model provides practitioners with a complete view of the client and their environment. It aims to bridge the gaps between practice, philosophical constructs of holism, personal relevance, and quality of life. Assumptions The person: • a dynamic, motivated and constantly evolving being who constantly interacts with the environment • The characteristics that define an individual influence the way he interacts with the environment and exercises his professions • The attributes are changing, some more than others implications for the practice of occupational therapy: • intervention in different ways targeting the person, the profession and the environment • use of multiple pathways, • Implementation of interventions in • The use of a wider repertoire of well-validated instruments developed by other disciplines can be used • Measured outcomes in terms of changes in job performance • The focus on occupation as opposed to performance components. Assumptions Environment: • influences behaviour and is in turn influenced by behaviour • non-static • may have an enabling or limiting effect on job performance • considered more changeable than the person People-Environment-Occupation The assumptions correspond: • Three main components interact continuously in time and space to increase or decrease the adjustment • the closer the overlap/adjustment, the more smoothly they interact • The result of greater compatibility is presented as more optimal professional performance Function – Dysfunction continuum • Disability-related problems may be due to a minimal or poor environment. • Therefore, the intervention could focus on modifying the environment to maximize adjustment.
• Interventions or changes in one component affect other components and the level of professional performance. The person-environment-occupation (PEO) model is a model that focuses on job performance shaped by the interaction between the person, the environment and the profession. The personal domain includes role, self-concept, cultural context, personality, health, cognition, physical performance, and sensory abilities. The environmental sphere encompasses the physical, cultural, institutional, social and socio-economic environment. Occupation refers to the groups of tasks that a person performs and accomplishes self-preservation, expression and fulfillment. The three domains are interdependent and affected by each other. In this model, the overlap of the three domains dynamically shapes job performance and also represents the degree of congruence of the interaction between the person, the environment and the profession. With higher congruence, the quality of professional performance is increased and vice versa. In addition, the PEO model takes a lifespan perspective, so all three domains and job performance would change over the course of a lifetime. Therefore, this model can be seen as an assessment tool to understand and analyze problem areas that affect clients` professional performance, or as an intervention tool to improve clients` professional performance by improving the congruence of the three domains. The Professional Performance Model (Australia) is a model that suggests that people fulfill their professional performance roles by engaging in routines, tasks and activities in the areas of self-preservation, productivity, leisure and rest, meeting internal and/or external environmental requirements. This model assumes that engagement in professions gives the individual a sense of competence, autonomy, temporal organization and meaning of existence.
It focuses on activating the human-environment relationship through participation in professions. The Quality of Life in a Lived Environment Model (LELQ) aims to explain the ecological complexity of using occupations to optimize the quality of life of people with dementia in institutions. This model focuses on factors that influence clients` opportunities for professional engagement, primarily support and social, physical environmental barriers. It has two main areas, namely the living environment domain (specifically for assessment and intervention) and the quality of life (QoL) domain (specifically for the objectives and outcomes of the intervention). The components: Professional performance • Result of the transaction between the person, the environment and the profession • Dynamic experience of a person performing useful activities and tasks in the environment The beginnings of occupational therapy recognized that the relationship between people and their environment.