The Statistical Summary of Notifiable Diseases in the United States is published to accompany each volume of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) weekly morbidity and mortality report. This publication contains text, graphs, and maps of official statistics on the reported occurrence of nationally notifiable diseases in the United States for the year indicated. These statistics are collected and compiled from reports from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NDSSS), which is operated by CDC in collaboration with the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE). In the past, notifiable diseases in the United States varied according to state laws. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) have also compiled a list of nationally notifiable diseases that health officials should report to the CDC`s National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS). [15] In 1990, a single criterion for reporting diseases to the NSDS was introduced. [16] Although HPV is not a reportable disease for CDC, it is estimated to be the most common STI in the United States (Dunne, Nielson, Stone, Markowitz, & Giuliano, 2006). Studies have reported wide ranges of prevalence among males (1.3-72.9%), although rates are likely to be 20% or less, and most studies have found that HPV prevalence is higher in females than males (Dunne et al., 2006). One study found that in men, genital HPV was associated with an increased number of male partners and an increased number of female sexual partners for life, and that more than 80% of cancers in men and about half of all penile cancers are associated with HPV (Giuliano et al., 2008). MSM are twice as likely to have HPV as men who have sex with women (Nyitray et al., 2011). MSM and bisexuals are 17 times more likely to develop cancer than heterosexual men, and HPV infection is an independent risk factor for HIV (Dietz & Nyberg, 2011).
The Australian government and states and territories all have their own laws and lists of communicable diseases – many conditions are on all lists, but some are only reportable in 1 or 2 areas. For more information on all nationally notifiable diseases by year, visit the CDC`s national notifiable infectious disease website. Traditionally, notifiable diseases have been infectious diseases. However, in 1995, the United States added the first non-infectious disease, high blood lead levels, to its surveillance system. The following year, the first risk factor, smoking, was added. In 1987, a subcommittee of the National Advisory Committee on Epidemiology was established. At that time, 34 diseases on the list of communicable diseases were studied, while another 13 were recommended for inclusion in the list. [7] As of January 1, 2000, a total of 43 diseases have been granted notifiable disease status. [8] In 2006, the final report and recommendations of the National Reported Diseases Working Group indicated that some diseases should be added and others should not.
[9] [10] HOW: Most notifiable diseases or other diseases that may be of public health concern should be reported directly to local or health regions. See exceptions marked with * in the list of reportable conditions for Texas above. You can obtain paper reporting forms by calling your local area or health service or by downloading them in PDF format (Epi-2 for more detailed case reports or Epi-1 for less detailed multiple reports). As a last resort or in case of emergency, reports can be made by calling the state office at 888-963-7111. Outside office hours, this number is sent to the doctor/epidemiologist on call. The desire to prevent the spread of infectious diseases has long existed. However, with the recognition in the 19th century that these diseases were caused by microorganisms that can be transmitted from person to person through direct or indirect contact, health authorities became increasingly determined to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases. In 1878, the U.S.
Marine Hospital Service (later Public Health Service, PHS) began collecting data on infectious diseases, including cholera and yellow fever, from foreign consuls. U.S. health officials have used the data to develop quarantine measures to protect the country`s population from outbreaks. In 1893, data collection on notifiable diseases was expanded to include cases in the United States. In the following century, similar disease surveillance systems were established in other countries around the world, including Australia, China, India and the United Kingdom. The current list of notifiable diseases appears in articles D3113-6 and D3113-7 of the Public Health Code (last revised in 2012), it contains 33 diseases: 31 infectious and 2 non-infectious diseases directly related to the environment (lead poisoning and mesothelioma). Reports on the disease and the distribution of certain medicines are addressed to a regional government agency called the Regional Health Agency by: The first guidelines for the notifiable disease appeared long ago in France, while the exact times are unclear, we know that plague was a prevalent reportable disease in the late 18th century. [11] Many national and state notifiable diseases can be transmitted by animals. Public health officials from the state health departments and the CDC are working together to determine which infectious diseases should be nationally notifiable. States determine which diseases are notifiable within the states. A disease may be added to the national or state list if a new pathogen appears or is eliminated as the incidence decreases.
Since disease reporting varies from state to state, specific requirements must be obtained from the appropriate state health departments. Preliminary data are published weekly in the Weekly Morbidity and Mortality Report, and final data are published annually by the CDC in the “Summary of Notifiable Diseases,” which is available online (www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_nd/index.html). These data are needed to study epidemiological trends and develop disease prevention strategies. Health care professionals should report suspected cases of human illness to local and state health departments as soon as possible, even if the patient visited an animal in a public place during their incubation period.