Alprazolam has a different legal status depending on the jurisdiction: quantification of alprazolam in blood and plasma samples may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to provide evidence in cases of criminal offences, such as arrest while driving, or to assist with a thorough forensic examination, such as a forensic examination of death. Blood or plasma concentrations of alprazolam are usually between 10 and 100 μg/L in people receiving the drug for therapeutic purposes, between 100 and 300 μg/L in people arrested for driving disorders, and between 300 and 2,000 μg/L in acute overdose victims. Most commercial immunoassays used for the benzodiazepine class cross-react with alprazolam, but confirmation and quantitative determination are usually performed by chromatographic techniques. [92] Police are responding to the increase in illegal use and are increasingly seizing prescription drugs covered by the Narcotic Control Act. Last year, 1146 cases were seized throughout Switzerland. This is the highest value in the last ten years, as shown by an evaluation of crime statistics. In order to protect the population from health risks and to combat illicit drug trafficking, the trade in medicines and narcotics is strictly regulated in Germany. Here you can know what to keep in mind if you are in possession of medication when traveling. There are, however, medicines that cannot be imported into Germany, even if they are intended for the personal needs of a traveller. “I felt very bad at that time. I had constant nervous breakdowns and crying cramps.
I spent 20 weeks in acute psychiatry. That`s where I got benzos for the first time. First Tavor, then Xanax. I didn`t want to feel any more feelings, I didn`t want to perceive emotions anymore. I wanted certain thoughts and feelings to stop coming back. At some point, however, the dose was no longer sufficient and I had to increase it. Dr. Stefan Gutwinski, chief physician at the Charité University Psychiatric Hospital in Berlin, classifies in which situations people are actually prescribed the drug.
From his daily experience with patients suffering from depression, he knows how alprazolam works and what happens in the body: Until now, the principle in business was: do not show weakness. Now, a new type of rapper is emerging: emotional, suicidal, narcissistic, expressive, sad and on top. Tattooed on his face, mumbling more than he spoke, he complains of despair. Unstable and always on the verge of a nervous breakdown, it tells the story of an America that, despite high-end gold chains and designer clothes, can only be endured in amazement. The fairy tale of the self-made man no longer prevents anyone from committing suicide. Your American Dream is now available by prescription. Reliable qualitative and quantitative determination of alprazolam is obtained after proper sample preparation in plasma and breast milk by coupling HPLC with mass spectrometry. [11] This method is also suitable for determination in urine[12] and in wastewater or river water samples. [13] [14] What can parents do to protect their children from drugs? Addiction Switzerland has shown in a study that 15-year-olds with the following characteristics are more likely to use psychoactive substances: α-hydroxyalprazolam quickly reaches the central nervous system, where it exerts its effect. It lasts between 12 and 15 hours. With respect to significant increases detected, it should be considered that the number of pharmaceuticals dispensed for legitimate therapeutic purposes may increase over time, and DAWN estimates are not adjusted for these increases.
DAWN estimates also do not take into account population growth or emergency room utilization between 2004 and 2006. [97] “Pop` `ne Xanny, Bitch, Jacke ist von Avirex (whoo)Zigarette an, Lamborghini-Benzer-Shit (ey)Alles ist iced-out (iced-out)Ich geh` mit den Brüdern raus, ja (oh, Junge)” Sie poppen die Zannies, Xans, Z-Bars, Zanbars, Hulks, Planks, Blue Footballs, Bricks, Bars, Benzos, White Girls, White Boys, Xannys, XanXans, das Alprazolam. Die Texte von deutschen Rappern lesen sich 2018 wie die Sitzungsprotokolle einer Psychotherapie. Stoff der Stunde: Benzodiazepine, bevorzugt der amerikanische Angstblocker Xanax. As a party drug and must-have lifestyle gadget, “benzos” (benzodiazepines) like Xanax suddenly appear in German hip-hop under their many pseudonyms. There are several ways for teens to get Xanax and codeine: through the medicine cabinets of their parents or grandparents, co-workers and dealers, social media platforms and the darknet. The polydrug use of potent depressant drugs poses the highest level of health problems due to a significant increase in the likelihood of overdose, which can cause fatal respiratory depression. [101] [102] 2. If they feel very stressed about school. “I take Xanax as an absolute emergency drop when nothing helps. 5 drops and I am completely paralyzed, completely gone.
Then it`s quiet. With the duration of taking alprazolam over several weeks, the development of tolerance may lead to a decrease in the effect. Tranquilizers, including alprazolam, have been associated with an increased risk of death. [29] Alprazolam and other benzodiazepines may also cause the development of physical dependence, tolerance and benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms when rapidly reducing the dose or stopping treatment after long-term treatment. [64] [65] There is a greater likelihood of withdrawal reactions when the drug is given at a higher dose than recommended or when a person stops taking the drug completely without slowly allowing the body to adjust to a lower dosage regimen. [66] [67] Concomitant use of alprazolam with the following drugs may result in mutual enhancement of the central depressant effect: benzodiazepines cross the placenta, enter the fetus, and are also excreted in breast milk. Chronic administration of diazepam, another benzodiazepine, to nursing mothers has been reported to make their infants lethargic and lose weight. [28] [54] In the summer of 2019, 50 youths were arrested in Lucerne for dealing with Xanax, among others. Two teenagers died at that time. Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax, among others, is a powerful, fast-acting, medium-acting sedative in the class of triazolobenzodiazepines (TBZD), which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring.
[7] It is most commonly used in the short-term treatment of anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). [3] Other uses include treating chemotherapy-induced nausea with other treatments. [6] Improvement in GAD usually occurs within a week. [8] [9] Alprazolam is usually taken orally. [6] So why do German rappers celebrate a drug for panic attacks and depression as if it were the weird restless? How did Xanax become German rap`s favorite drug in 2018? The special provisions that apply to medicines such as morphine, which fall under the Narcotics Act, must be complied with; Therefore, they must be specially prescribed by the attending physician. For the duration of their trip to Germany, travellers may take with them corresponding quantities of narcotics prescribed by their doctor for their own use. However, depending on the destination, travelers must meet a number of conditions, which are described below. Alprazolam is metabolised in the liver, mainly by the enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Two main metabolites are produced: 4-hydroxyalprazolam and α-hydroxyalprazolam, as well as an inactive benzophenone.
The low concentrations and potencies of 4-hydroxyalprazolam and α-hydroxyalprazolam suggest that they contribute little or nothing to the effects of alprazolam. [3] The safety and efficacy of alprazolam in children and adolescents below 18 years of age are poorly studied. The active substance should therefore not be used in this age group.